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The Role of AntioxidantsAntioxidants are used by our bodies to counter free-radical damage by increasing the activity of protective enzymes such as superixide dismutase (SOD), by boosting enzyme activity, or by directly neutralizing free radicals. The nutrients that have antioxidant protective benefits belong to a diverse list of compounds. The best way to group antioxidants is according to their function or by characteristics. Key groupings include vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, flavonoids, enzymes, sulfur-containing amino acids, and herbs. CAROTENOIDS Carotenoids are the most widespread group of naturally occurring pigments in plants. Of the 600+ carotenoids identified, about 30-50 have vitamin A activity. The best-known carotinoid is beta-carotinoid, which readily converts to Vitamin A. However, other well researched carotinoid include lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and cryptoxanthin. While these carotenoids do not convert to Vitamin A as readily as beta-carotene, they provide better antioxidant protection. |
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